Wednesday 14 November 2012

Images.com is a small Internet retailer of high-quality posters. The company has $770,000 in operating


Images.com is a small Internet retailer of high-quality posters. The company has $770,000 in operating assets and fixed expenses of $169,000 per year. With this level of operating assets and fixed expenses, the company can support sales of up to $4.9 million per year. The company’s contribution margin ratio is 10%, which means that an additional dollar of sales results in additional contribution margin, and net operating income, of 10 cents.

   
Required:
1.
Complete the following table showing the relationship between sales and return on investment (ROI).(Round your percentage answers to 2 decimal places. Omit the "$" and "%" signs in your response.)

Sales
Net Operating
Income
Average
Operating
Assets
ROI
    $4,400,000
$271,000  
$770,000   
 %  
    $4,500,000
  
$770,000   
 %  
    $4,600,000
  
$770,000   
 %  
    $4,700,000
  
$770,000   
 %  
    $4,800,000
  
$770,000   
 %  
    $4,900,000
  
$770,000   
 %  


2.
What happens to the company's return on investment (ROI) as sales increase? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Omit the "%" sign in your response)

  ROI
  

 % 

Images.com is a small Internet retailer of high-quality posters. The company has $770,000 in operating


Images.com is a small Internet retailer of high-quality posters. The company has $770,000 in operating assets and fixed expenses of $169,000 per year. With this level of operating assets and fixed expenses, the company can support sales of up to $4.9 million per year. The company’s contribution margin ratio is 10%, which means that an additional dollar of sales results in additional contribution margin, and net operating income, of 10 cents.

   
Required:
1.
Complete the following table showing the relationship between sales and return on investment (ROI).(Round your percentage answers to 2 decimal places. Omit the "$" and "%" signs in your response.)

Sales
Net Operating
Income
Average
Operating
Assets
ROI
    $4,400,000
$271,000  
$770,000   
 %  
    $4,500,000
  
$770,000   
 %  
    $4,600,000
  
$770,000   
 %  
    $4,700,000
  
$770,000   
 %  
    $4,800,000
  
$770,000   
 %  
    $4,900,000
  
$770,000   
 %  


2.
What happens to the company's return on investment (ROI) as sales increase? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Omit the "%" sign in your response)

  ROI
  

 % 

Portland Company's Ironton Plant produces precast ingots for industrial use. Carlos Santiago, who

Portland Company's Ironton Plant produces precast ingots for industrial use. Carlos Santiago, who was recently appointed general manager of the Ironton Plant, has just been handed the plant’s contribution format income statement for October. The statement is shown below:

Budgeted Actual
  Sales (3,000 ingots) $ 250,000    $ 250,000   
    



  Variable expenses:      
     Variable cost of goods sold* 53,430    67,000   
     Variable selling expenses 26,000    26,000   
    



  Total variable expenses 79,430    93,000   
    



  Contribution margin 170,570    157,000   
    



  Fixed expenses:      
     Manufacturing overhead 67,000    67,000   
     Selling and administrative 92,000    92,000   
    



  Total fixed expenses 159,000    159,000   
    



  Net operating income (loss)    $ 11,570    $ (2,000)  
    








*Contains direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead.

     Mr. Santiago was shocked to see the loss for the month, particularly because sales were exactly as budgeted. He stated, "I sure hope the plant has a standard cost system in operation. If it doesn't, I won't have the slightest idea of where to start looking for the problem."
     The plant does use a standard cost system, with the following standard variable cost per ingot:

Standard Quantity or Hours Standard Price
or Rate
Standard Cost
  Direct materials    4.2 pounds $ 2.80 per pound $ 11.76   
  Direct labor    0.5 hours $ 8.30 per hour    4.15   
  Variable manufacturing overhead    0.5 hours* $ 3.80 per hour    1.90   
    

  Total standard variable cost $ 17.81   
    




*Based on machine-hours.

During October the plant produced 3,000 ingots and incurred the following costs:
a.
Purchased 17,600 pounds of materials at a cost of $3.25 per pound. There were no raw materials in inventory at the beginning of the month.
b.
Used 12,400 pounds of materials in production. (Finished goods and work in process inventories are insignificant and can be ignored.)
c. Worked 2,100 direct labor-hours at a cost of $8.00 per hour.
d.
Incurred a total variable manufacturing overhead cost of $7,560 for the month. A total of 1,800 machine-hours was recorded.

It is the company’s policy to close all variances to cost of goods sold on a monthly basis.

Required:
1. Compute the following variances for October:

a.
Direct materials price and quantity variances. (Input all amounts as positive values. Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Omit the "$" sign in your response.)

  Materials price variance     U
  Materials quantity variance     F


b.
Direct labor rate and efficiency variances. (Input all amounts as positive values. Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Omit the "$" sign in your response.)

  Labor rate variance     F
  Labor efficiency variance     U


c.
Variable overhead rate and efficiency variances. (Input all amounts as positive values. Do not round your intermediate calculations. Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Omit the "$" sign in your response.)

  Variable overhead rate variance     U
  Variable overhead efficiency variance     U


2a.
Summarize the variances that you computed in (1) above by showing the net overall favorable or unfavorable variance for October. (Input the amount as a positive value. Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Omit the "$" sign in your response.)

  Net variance $      U

3.
Pick out the two most significant variances that you computed in (1) above. (You may select more than one answer. Single click the box with the question mark to produce a check mark for a correct answer and double click the box with the question mark to empty the box for a wrong answer.)

Materials price variance

Labor efficiency variance

Variable overhead efficiency variance

Labor rate variance

Variable overhead rate variance

Materials quantity variance


Explanation: